| Biological Communications (Biol 3920) |
GENERAL FORMAT STYLE FOR CITING
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES*
For specific/required format see ESA or http://esapubs.org/esapubs/authors.htm
Author-Date Reference Style:
- Each time a paper or scientific publication is referred to
(referenced) or "Cited" in the Text, use
the Author-date method.
- All referenced or cited materials are listed Alphabetically at the end of the article as Literature Cited.
- If a paper is listed in the Literature
Cited section of an article, then the paper is "Cited"
at least one time in the Text of the manuscript you are preparing.
Text Citation Format:
- When citing an article in your manuscript the Author-date citation you show in the text of your paper
always lists the Last Name of the Author(s)
and then
the Date the article was
published.
Example:
One Author………………….(Redding 1996)
Two Authors………………..(Redding and Andrews 1909)
Three or more………………(Redding et al 1999)*
*
NOTE: When showing a
Referenced (Cited) article in the Text of your paper with "three" (3) or more authors
always do so as Name et al
(Date), i.e. (Redding et al 1999).
Then "List" the Reference in Literature Cited as Name_1, Name_2, and
Name_3 (Date) i.e. Redding, J. M., H. T. Andrews, and S. G. Berk 1999.
If
there are MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS... every author must be listed
for that "Reference" under the Literature Cited section of the
manuscript.
- Author is
defined as the name under which the publication is listed (Alphabetized)
in the Literature Cited section
of your manuscript.
Example:
Author.
Compiler.
Organization.
Anonymous… is not acceptable usage.
Web-page or address... how would you cite these... as the URL?
Example:
To cite an individual Web page, give the
author’s name, the date of publication or last modification,
enclosed in parentheses and followed by a period, and the title of the
page, capitalizing only the first word, any proper nouns, and the
first word after a colon in the title, if applicable. Give the
complete URL, including the protocol (e.g., “http”), and the date
of access enclosed in parentheses and followed by a period
Cressia, L. L. (1997). Copyright
and fair use: Future of fair use. http://www.cas.usf.edu/english/walker/courses/fall97/concl.html
(27 Mar. 2006).
- Citation is
usually Set-off in parentheses before a mark
of punctuation or as a part of a sentence.
Example:
One or more
publication cited in your Text:
"The rain event in August was acidic (Eggleton 1995)."
"Eggleton (1996) demonstrated that rain was... ."
Two publications by the same author
(appearing in the same year):
"Combs (1999a,b)
found… ." or "He found that…(Combs 1999a,b)"
Several papers by the same author (appearing in
different years):
"Goss
(1993,1995,1996) revealed that… . or
"Microbial
contamination was… (Goss 1993,1995,1996).
Several articles by different authors:
(Combs 1995a,b,c;
Redding et al 1998; Britzke and Harvey 2000).
Example
(see http://www.esapubs.org/esapubs/authors_main.htm):
- Alonso, D., F. Bartumeus, and J. Catalan. 2002. Mutual
interference between predators can give rise to Turing spatial patterns. Ecology 83:28-34.
- Bishop, J. G. 2002. Early primary succession on Mount St.
Helens: impact of insect herbivores on colonizing lupines. Ecology 83:191-202.
- Diehl, S. 2002. Phytoplankton, light, and nutrients in a
gradient of mixing depths: theory. Ecology 83:386-398.
- Diehl, S., S. Berger, R. Ptacnik, and A. Wild. 2002.
Phytoplankton, light, and nutrients in a gradient of mixing depths: field experiments. Ecology
83:399-411.
- Drewa, P. B., W. J. Platt, and E. B. Moser. 2002. Fire
effects on resprouting of shrubs in headwaters of southeastern longleaf pine savannas. Ecology
83:755-767.
- Engen, S., R. Lande, and Bernt-Erik Sæther. 2002. Migration
and spatiotemporal variation in population dynamics in a heterogeneous environment. Ecology
83:570-579.
- Gilliam, J. F., and D. F. Fraser. In Press.
Movement in corridors: enhancement by predation threat, disturbance, and habitat
structure. Ecology.
- Gregory, R. D., S. R. Baillie, and R. I.
Bashford. 2000.
Monitoring breeding birds in the United Kingdom. In
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of European Bird Census Councils. Estonia
1995.
- Karlson, R. H., and H. V. Cornell. 2002.
Species richness of coral assemblages: detecting regional influences at
local spatial scales. Ecology 83:452-463.
- Koricheva, J. 2002. Meta-analysis of sources of variation in
fitness costs of plant antiherbivore defenses.
Ecology 83:176-190.
- Liang, Suh-Yuen, and S. W. Seagle. 2002. Browsing and
microhabitat effects on riparian forest woody seedling demography. Ecology 83:212-227.
- Lilleskov, E. A., T. J. Fahey, T. R. Horton, and G. M.
Lovett. 2002. Belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal community change over a nitrogen
deposition gradient in Alaska. Ecology 83:104-115.
- Longino, J. T., J. Coddington, and R. K. Colwell. 2002. The
ant fauna of a tropical rain forest: estimating species richness three different ways. Ecology
83:689-702.
- Menhinick, E. F. 1991. The freshwater fishes of North
Carolina. North carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
- Mountford, M. D. 1985. An index of population changes with
application to the Common Birds Census. Pages 121-132. In
B. J. T. Morgan and P. M. North, editors. Statistics in ornithology. Spring-Verlag,
Berlin, Germany.
- Okubo, A. 1980. Diffusion and ecological problems:
mathematical models. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
- Poulsen, J. R., C. J. Clark, E. F. Connor, and T. B. Smith.
2002. Differential resource use by primates and hornbills. Ecology 83:228-240.
- SAS Institute. 1996. SAS/STAT software: changes and
enhancements throughrelaese 6.11. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
- Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1981. Biometrics. Freeman,
San Francisco, california, USA.
- Zar, J. H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
Questions: Check with the instructor @ ELMorgan@TnTech.edu
* Read
Chapters 1 and 6 in: "Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences"
Morgan's
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