Red-necked Grebe at the Waitsboro Recreation Area, Pulaski Co., Kentucky, 17 November 2006; photo Roseanna M. Denton.

 

PreCambrian BIRDFOLK Messages (Winter 2006-2007)

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-8 (26 february)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Cranes passed northward through the Region in considerable numbers and at a variety of sites Feb. 23-25; the largest count was made Feb. 23 in Cookeville where John Ramsey noted 3500 in a short period before noon that day.  John's count was almost a one-day high count for Sandhill Crane in Putnam County, the high count in that county having been 3525 prior to last Friday.  So many were the sightings of cranes that came in from Putnam County that day that it was difficult to be sure which cranes were new and which were duplicates of other counts.  To be conservative, I made the total count in the county that day 3600+, but that was still a new high count for Putnam, so congrats to John for counting these cranes so diligently (and to Michele Ramsey for submitting John's data).  It would seem that the bulk of migrating cranes is now north of the Region, but we should still see small flocks headed north for a few more weeks, so keep alert.
 
I've completed compiling the 2007 GBBC pooled data, which can be viewed in its entirety at the appropriate page of my website.  In all, the pooled data reflect the presence of 93 species of birds in the Region during mid-February, more species than have been reported during any previous GBBC pooled data effort.  Many thanks to the 30+ Regional birders who took part in this project this year.  Let me draw attention to one of the more stellar results of this effort, a continental high count for Horned Grebe.  On Feb. 17, Michael Hawkins counted 320 Horned Grebes at the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN, easily surpassing all other counts of that species made and reported during the four-day GBBC continental event.  Nice going Michael.
 
Despite the fact that the GBBC pooled data effort in the Region was by far the best and most complete to have occurred in the five-year history of this solely Regional event, no Loggerhead Shrikes were found at all around the UCR on the day of the effort.  The snowy weather that day no doubt depressed the shrike count, but it is still of great concern that no shrikes were found anywhere, even in counties that have regularly had sightings in the past year (i.e., Pulaski, KY; DeKalb, TN, and White, TN).  Let's monitor those shrikes as much as we can from now on.
 
Twelve Mute Swans have been present in a small arm of Cordell Hull Reservoir near Gainesboro, Jackson Co., TN, lately.  First reported Feb. 21 by Danny Stone and Terry Campbell, they have been seen and reported by quite a number of other observers since then. Until these swans made an appearance, this winter seemed to be one of somewhat diminished Mute Swan sightings, compared to most recent winters, but with their arrival, numbers and sightings of Mute Swans for this winter are now about on a par with numbers and sightings of the recent past.  Whether it is a good thing to see this exotic swan maintaining a small winter population in the Region is debatable.
 
Roseanna Denton and Doug Downs have recently turned in some sightings of Rusty Blackbirds, so I have created a table listing all Regional sightings of Rusties this winter in an appendix to the Winter 2006-2007 UCR Bird Report.  If you have any records of this blackbird for the winter, please send along.  The Rusty Blackbird is a breeder in boreal forest; its population is thought to be undergoing long-term decline, so all records of its presence in the Region this winter and during future winters will be of value.
 
Within the past couple of weeks the results of some DNA research on birds has made news.  It seems that this latest DNA work has revealed the presence of about 15 previously unsuspected, or little suspected, new species in North America.  For instance, it is now thought that the species we have come to know as Hermit Thrush is really composed of two lookalike species that superficially look the same but that differ by 2.5% in their DNA (about the same percentage difference as exists between humans and chimpanzees) and so will eventually be classified as two species--that might not be separable in the field by traditional means of identification.  This i.d. difficulty will no doubt add a new level of frustration to the efforts of bird listers.  More on this fascinating work as the details come my way.
 
Spring Bird Counts (SBCs) are still a good ways off in the future, but it might be useful to start to determine when and where there might be such counts this year.  As usual SBCs will be conducted in Pulaski Co., KY, and Putnam Co., TN, but there probably will not be a SBC in White Co., TN, this year (due to the occurrence of the White County Foray in late May 2007).  So It might be good to have a SBC or two in counties of the Region that have not had such counts much or at all in the past.  I'd like to aim for two such counts, one in a Kentucky county with a short bird list and one in a Tennessee county with a short bird list.  Clinton, Cumberland, or Metcalfe Co., KY, come to mind as possible candidates for a SBC in KY, as do Jackson or Overton Co., TN, for a SBC in TN.  Let me know your thoughts on this matter if you are into doing more than one SBC this spring, and, believe it or not, I am fully aware that there are birdfolk out there who are not into so doing.
 
Good bird counting, Steve
 

BIRDFOLK messages are shared with those Upper Cumberland Region birders who share their bird sightings with me, either directly or indirectly.  The minimal sharing threshold is one bird record per month (note: a bird record always contains the name of a specific species, the number seen, the date seen, the site where seen, and the name of the observer).  BIRDFOLK messages are archived at a page of my website that is accessible via the birdpage:

 
http://iweb.tntech.edu/sstedman/birds.htm
 
A Natural Moment: circa 1720-1800 CST, 16 February 2007 at Lake Holiday, Crossville, Cumberland County, Tennessee with Joseph E. Mast, Margie Buxbaum, Patricia Westerfield, Bruce Gardner, and Cyndy Gardner.
 
I am standing on an overlook of Lake Holiday in the company of several other persons also able to ignore the biting cold of this winter evening.  We have gathered to witness one of the natural "shows" that are often unknown to the vast majority of humans living in a particular locale and are even unknown to most of those who make some claim to being sensitive to natural phenomena.  About a week ago Joseph Mast and Patricia Westerfield visited this lake at dusk and discovered that a significant influx of waterfowl takes place in the half hour before full dark, a circumstance not previously appreciated by the birding community in Crossville.  Now Joseph and Patricia have returned to enjoy this natural spectacle once again.  They have been thoughtful enough to invite the rest of us along, and they have done so without the least thought of charging an admission fee, a rare evidence of altruism in our pervasively money-oriented society.
 
As we peer out onto the relatively calm surface of the lake at 1730 CST on this cold night, perhaps a hundred water birds of various sorts are in evidence, among them some Horned Grebes, American Black Ducks, and Northern Shovelers, uncommon and welcome species in the group gathered on the water.  Then as we search the sky for more birds, to our right we see squadrons of ducks swiftly winging in from the south.  Mostly composed of Mallards, they quickly wheel over the lake and "skid" in to a landing.  I listen for the silk-ripping sound of their wings in the growing darkness, but the distance to the birds is too far for this nuance of waterfowl watching to be detected. Still more ducks wing in, Ring-necks and Hooded Mergansers among them in considerable numbers.  Then a flock of Canada Geese appears from behind us and to our right, ponderously beating its way to the lake's central area where it members cascade down and land amid the growing multitude, now over 500 strong.
 
More and still more small- and medium-sized bunches of ducks flock into the lake, swelling the numbers until soon over 1000 birds are milling about on the darkened surface of the water.  This increase in the number of ducks on the lake by one order of magnitude in less than half an hour is a sort of magic show without a magician.  Just how many ducks eventually will be present we cannot really guess because it is finally too dark to see them, and even if we could, the number of birds milling about on the lake would make a reliable count hard to accomplish.  We wonder if the ducks remain long enough after dawn to allow a reliable count, but we also recall how much colder it is going to be then, so no plans are made to witness the dawn exodus of ducks from the lake.  As I drive home to Cookeville, I carry the image of all those waterfowl converging on a single point so they can spend the night on an ice-free lake. I wonder if perhaps one day far in the future they will all converge to watch the duck equivalent of a night football game, but surely they would find a better way to spend their time than that.

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-7 (23 february)

Dear birdfolk,
 
The Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) pooled data effort was quite successful this year; about 90 species were recorded by at least 28 GBBC participants in five Upper Cumberland Region counties.  To see the (still incomplete) data resulting from the GBBC pooled data effort, check out this page of my website:
 
http://iweb.tntech.edu/sstedman/GBBCUCR2007.htm
 
GBBC efforts on days besides last Saturday, Feb. 17, were also successful in detecting some Regional species not often easily found.  Dave Roemer birded Barren River Reservoir in Barren (and Allen) Co., KY, last Friday, the first day of the GBBC period. While scoping out the reservoir, Dave found and photographed a Red-throated Loon, just the 5th for Barren County and 9th Regionally.  Thanks to Dave for sharing his photo of this rare bird and for making Barren County a regular part of his birding itinerary.  The Region is the richer for his bird-finding efforts and our aesthetic demands the more satisfied by his fine photography.
 
And speaking of Dave's fine photography, he also sent along recently a nice photograph of an American Tree Sparrow that he found at Quarry Beach near Barren River Dam Feb. 14.  This sighting is the only one so far this winter of ATSP in the Region (actually, it is the first Regional record that I am aware of since February 2001).  I've included links to Dave's photo in the Winter 2006-2007 UCR Bird Report and in the account of ATSP for Birds of the Upper Cumberland Region (a work still in its infancy) at my website; there is also a copy of this photo at the page of the website devoted to the Glasgow CBC.
 
While taking part in the GBBC pooled data effort last Saturday, Joseph and Anita Mast located 12 Brewer's Blackbirds near Mayland, Cumberland Co., TN; this sighting established the first record of that rarish blackbird for Cumberland County and is one of few records around the Region this winter.
 
Danny Stone found some swans near Gainesboro, Jackson Co., TN, a couple of days ago; he phoned Terry Campbell who relayed word of these birds to me, and I took some time to give them a look during the lunch break that day.  They turned out to be 12 Mute Swans, an exotic species that is becoming more and more of a winter fixture in the Region each year.  Dave Roemer found two Mutes on Barren River Reservoir along with his loon last Friday, and there has been a smattering of sightings here and there around the Region, though none appeared on any of the Regional CBCs.
 
Cranes continue to pass northward through the Region; please pass along any sightings you may have over the next few weeks.
 
Roseanna Denton sent along a photo she made of a Merlin perched on a power line in Pulaski Co., KY, Feb. 19; this was the second such sighting I have heard about in the past year or so, and helped to explode a belief of mine that Merlins do not like to perch on power lines.  I still have not seen one in that posture, but now I am hopeful that some day I will.  Roseanna's Merlin was the second this winter for Pulaski, but it is the only county to sport any records of this fine falcon this winter.
 
Roseanna also found two small groups of White-winged Scoters last Sunday during the GBBC; she photographed two at the Waitsboro Recreation Area, Pulaski Co., KY, and three at the Wolf Creek Dam, Russell Co., KY; these were the 11th and 12th records for the Region, and the latter trio became the first ever for Russell County.
 
Besides the fine birds that have been found as a result of field work associated with the GBBC, some bird finding of a different sort was undertaken in Pickett Co., TN, lately by Howard Groce and siblings.  They discovered a photograph of a Great Egret among the heirlooms passed down to them by their father; this photo had a date on it (9 July 1974) and notes composed by Howard's father about the physical appearance of the egret (spot on for Great Egret).  It turned out that I had no other record of Great Egret for Pickett County, where the photo was taken, so after 32.5 years of hibernation, this photo has emerged to fill in a little empty space in the pattern of Regional bird distribution.  You have to wonder how many homes in the UCR harbor photographs of birds that have never been properly recorded by all the efforts of all the birders in our 26 counties.  Thanks for sharing your photograph, Howard.
 
Robbie Hassler has also added to the Pickett County bird list lately; at the Obey River Recreation Area last Sunday she found a Greater White-fronted Goose in with a flock of Canadas.  I know of no previous sightings of this goose for Pickett Co.  Anyone passing that way might want to check out the Sunset Marina/Obey River Recreation Area and try to obtain a photo of this bird.
 
Thanks to Carol Williams for sharing a nice photo of a Hermit Thrush (now heading the page of my website for the 2007 GBBC in the UCR) and to Margie Buxbaum for sharing a nice photo of a Sharp-shinned Hawk (now heading the page of my website for the 2006-2007 CBC in the UCR).
 
The period from Feb. 7 to Feb. 17 witnessed the reporting of 7 road-killed Eastern Screech-Owls in the Region; this period coincided with a stretch of fairly cold nights; during the past 2+ years no other period of 10 days has produced as many as 7 such records, testifying to the severe toll that extreme winter conditions can take on the population of this commonest of all our owls.  Thanks to all those who shared "sightings" of screech-owl fatalities; perhaps the lives of these owls were not lost entirely in vain if we collect data about the morph proportions in the Region from them, but it is still a great shame that so many are done in by collisions with vehicles each cold spell during winter (to say nothing of the rest of the year).
 
Please remember my offer to visit any UCR county where at least two birders are present who want to become skilled at detecting breeding evidence of birds and who are also willing to take part in the Foray to White Co., TN, scheduled for May 25-28, 2007; I'll schedule a Saturday trip your way, and we can spend some time ogling birds that are breeding (without anyone's being able to call us perverts, at least not with accuracy).
 
Good birdi counting, Steve
 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-6 (12 february)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Quite a crane parade was witnessed passing north over the Upper Cumberland Region during the past week-end, with more than 1700 cranes counted by observers in a variety of sites.  Michael Hawkins obtained the max count (730+ in Jackson Co., TN, Sunday), but Greg Brown (450 in Putnam Co., TN, Sunday) and Dana Girard (400 in Bledsoe Co., TN, Sunday) also has nice totals.  All reports over the week-end involved northbound cranes, so maybe the cranes have decided that it is time to make the move northward, whatever the weather may be saying.
 
On Saturday Roseanna Denton observed a juvenile Golden Eagle in the Green River WMA, Adair Co., KY, the first report around the Region this winter.  This sighting was just the second for that county of which I am aware.
 
Joseph Mast reported a nice congregation of ducks on Lake Holiday over the week-end, counting many hundreds there of quite a few species, including what will become a county first record if the details are ever submitted for Greater Scaup.
 
Some quite interesting information relating to efforts to detect Northern Saw-whet Owls was provided by a birder in Indiana (Lee Sterrenberg) and passed along to me (by Brainard Palmer-Ball) lately.  Lee has done considerable field work looking for NSWOs in Indiana and had these remarks to offer: 1. a thick understory of shrubs and brush seems to coincide with many sites where saw-whets are found, it being thought that this undergrowth allows the saw-whets to escape predation by larger owls (I have found saw-whets at such sites but also at more open sites in Tennessee and Kentucky); 2. the best time to detect saw-whets during the night is midnight to 4:00 A.M., after which the larger owls are stirring more and reducing the detectability of the saw-whets (I have never looked for saw-whets during this timeframe and wonder what I have been missing); 3. the percentage of tooting (i.e., male) saw-whets in Indiana is less than 10% of the wintering population, meaning that those seeking saw-whets there and south of there need to be familiar with female vocalizations, which include a variety of soft, hard to hear calls that are not found on most audiotapes including calls by this species (one winter a few years ago I found 10 saw-whets in the Big South Fork, mostly tooting males; if these represented less than 10% of the owls present, there were a lot of saw-whets present that winter).
 
The period from February 7 to February 9 was one that saw very cold temperatures occur each night; interestingly, this period also witnessed the reporting of 4 road-killed Eastern Screech-Owls around the Region (more than during any other three-day period in the past two years): Roseanna Denton found a rufous morph bird in Wayne Co., KY, Feb. 7; Mike Tatum found a rufous morph bird in DeKalb Co., TN, Feb. 8; Carol Williams had a bird of unspecified morph brought to her, after it was hit Feb. 8 in DeKalb Co., TN; and Ronnie Smith found a rufous morph bird in Overton Co., TN, Feb. 9.  Periods of extreme cold cause the owls to use more energy to stay warm, so they need to hunt more, but prey species probably are harder to find during cold weather because they are staying in the warmest spots they can find (i.e., burrows out of sight to the owls), so the owls have to use even more energy to hunt longer to find prey, and so they find themselves in a downward spiral that leads to hunting in dangerous sites like roadsides, leading to a greater number of road-kills.  When snow cover and low temperatures coincide, EASO mortality must be at its peak each winter.  I imagine an analysis of the dead birds would reveal that most are in their first winter, without all the skills needed to cope with extreme conditions.
 
Extremely cold conditions are predicted again for this Wednesday's birdwalk at Cane Creek Park; I'll be there at 7:00 A.M., but I will probably not walk the loop if the temperature is lower than 25 degrees F.  I will scope the lake for waterfowl, however, so show up to see what is present on the open areas of the lake even if we don't walk the loop.
 
Good bird counting, Steve

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-5 (5 february)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Signs of spring continue to be noticed despite the rather frigid turn of the weather during the past week.  For example, in Pulaski Co., KY, Roseanna Denton found a Great Horned Owl brooding on a nest yesterday; the same nest was used by this species during spring 2006 when a young bird was photographed during early May of that season; Great Horned Owls are among the very earliest of breeders each "spring," so this sighting is not at all unusual in terms of its timing, but it is unusual for me to receive reports of nesting activity of this quite common bird.  Also over the past week-end a Pine Warbler was noticed both days in Cookeville by Winston Walden; this bird had not been seen earlier in the winter by Winston, who watches his feeders pretty closely, so his Pine Warbler was probably an early returning breeder; it is about this time every winter that Pine Warblers start to show up at feeding stations around the Region in preparation for the breeding season.  Although not a Regional sighting, let me note the following for birders interested in when Purple Martins return to the Region; my wife, Barb Stedman, is now in northwest Florida, where she reports having seen Purple Martins at two sites along the Gulf Coast during the past couple of days, so there should be martins in the Upper Cumberland within a few weeks at the latest; keep those martin houses under scrutiny (and get them cleaned out and ready for the next nesting season if you haven't already done so; time to get bluebird boxes up and ready to go also).
 
The recent spate of cold nights has caused most Regional ponds and small lakes to freeze over; the few ponds and lakes that haven't frozen completely are acting as concentration points for water birds now.  City Lake in Putnam Co., TN, is usually among the last smallish lakes in Putnam County to freeze during each spell of cold weather (many open spots are present wherever side-streams enter the lake); this morning City Lake  hosted a fair number of waterfowl, as well as 13 Ring-billed Gulls that appeared from I don't no where to rest on a part of the lake that was frozen.  The lake at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, was mostly frozen over this morning, but the northern shore had quite a bit of open water, and another gaggle of waterfowl was present there, as well as 23 Ring-billed Gulls that appeared from I don't know where to rest on the frozen expanse at the center of the lake.
 
During periods of really cold weather, bird feeding stations kept replenished with seed and other kinds of food for birds are likely to do more good for wintering birds than during any other time, so be sure to get out early with a fresh supply of food each morning.  And try to have some open water available for them, too, if you don't happen to live near a stream or pond.
 
Jacquie Wagner reported last Saturday that her female Rufous Hummingbird was still coming regularly to her feeders in northern Van Buren Co., TN. Those who have not seen a hummingbird taking sugar water from a snow-capped hummer feeder do not know how much joy such a sight can bring to the average winter-bound human. Thanks to Jacquie and Bill Wagner for keeping their hummer happy during these cold days.
 
Migrant Sandhill Cranes have been in quite a quandary for the past week or two.  There have been almost as many sightings of southbound flocks as of northbound flocks during that time. Also, another site with a potentially overwintering flock of cranes has been added to the very small list of counties--Barren County, KY--which might have overwintering cranes this winter; on Saturday Roseanna Denton saw 7 cranes on the ground near Cooley's Pond, Wayne Co., KY; Roseanna had a similar-sized flock at this same site on several dates last winter, so some of the same birds might be involved this winter.
 
Some sad news on the crane front must be noted.  The tornadoes that wrought such havoc in central Florida a few days ago also killed 17 of the 18 juvenile Whooping Cranes that were led south via ultralight aircraft last fall, during which season they spent some time in the Upper Cumberland Region.  Quite a blow to the plan to reintroduce this fine species as a migrant in the eastern U.S.--but the long-term success of this effort seems assured despite this setback.
 
Last Wednesday's Cane Creek Park birdwalk was attended by one birder--me--no doubt as a result of the less than balmy temperature (14 degrees F) that morning; the open part of the lake had a lot of waterfowl, which I scoped, but I did not walk the 1.5-mile loop trail that morning.  It's kind of looking like we'll have warmer, but possibly also wetter, conditions for this Wednesday.  If you show up, be sure to dress for cold and wet, and if these conditons are very prevalent, the birdwalk will probably not take place in the usual manner.
 
The Great Backyard Bird Count (Feb. 16-19) is now less than two weeks away; quite a few Regional birders have agreed to take part in this event; and some have agreed to take part in the POOLED DATA EFFORT scheduled for Sat., Feb. 17. Many thanks to all Regional birdfolk who have expressed willingness to count birds and add their data to the overall effort.
 
Good bird counting, Steve
 
Review: Clive Ponting's A Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations. New York: Penguin Books, 1991; 430 pp.; ISBN = 0-14-017660-8
 
Those of you who read with interest my review of Jared Diamond's Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (BIRDFOLK message 2005-27) may also be interested in this work, which clearly provided much of the ammunition that Diamond fired off in his work.  Ponting's book preceded Diamond's by more than a decade and offers many of the same warnings that Diamond later offered about the potential collapse of some modern human societies as a result of mismanagement of their environmental resources.  I will not offer too much more commentary about Ponting's book, because most of its main arguments are restated in more readable prose by Diamond, but I think it only fair to Ponting to put on my record, such as it is, acknowledgment of his fine contribution to the field of environmental history.
 
If you want a new perspective on human history and you are willing to wade through a lot of erudite but slightly dry prose, then here is a good book for these long winter evenings.

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-4 (29 january)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Sandhill Cranes have been widely reported in fairly large numbers from a variety of sites around the Region during the past week.  Most of the reported flocks have involved northbound birds, but a couple of smallish flocks this morning were headed in a southerly direction, perhaps in response to the none too balmy conditions out there today: Betty Bright saw a flock headed south near Monterey, Putnam Co., TN, and Allen Nabors witnessed a flock headed southsouthwest in Pleasant Hill, Cumberland Co., TN.  However, many, many other cranes--of the less confused variety perhaps--remain south of us and should be headed north over the next six weeks, so keep watch for them as they wing it northward.
 
Great Blue Herons have begun to engage in breeding-related behavior, with a single bird being noted in a small rookery (6-7 nests) on Dry Valley Rd., Putnam Co., TN, Jan. 24; another single Great Blue was noted by Carol Williams near or on one of 6-7 nests on the Caney Fork River, Smith Co., TN, Jan. 27; and two Great Blues were standing on two of four nests below the Center Hill Dam, DeKalb Co., TN, also Jan. 27, when seen by Winston Walden and me.  These observations are earlier for this type of behavior than I have records for in previous years.  Any other reports of breeding-related activity for this species, or for any of the ardeids, would be most welcome.
 
Roseanna Denton sighted an individual of the harlani subspecies of Red-tailed Hawk at Fishing Creek, Pulaski Co., KY, last Sat.; this hawk was either an intermediate or dark morph individual, and the first that I have heard about in the Region this winter.  It goes nicely with the "Krider's" Red-tail reported by Judy Fuson in DeKalb Co., TN, last month.  Each of these forms of RTHA is quite scarce in the Region, and any reports of them quite noteworthy.
 
Red-breasted Nuthatches have been extremely scarce this winter, so three (count 'em, THREE) in White Co., TN, last Saturday by Doug Downs were quite unexpected but welcome additions to the Regional avifauna this month.  Anyone else out there getting these delightful birds?
 
Rusty Blackbirds breed in boreal forests far to the north of us and come south each winter to our neck of the woods; the continental population of this blackbird appears to be headed in a negative direction, so it might be worthwhile to keep careful records of it this winter and in future winters.  Fifteen of these moderately becoming blackbirds were noted in Smith Co., TN, last Saturday by Winston Walden and me, the first record I have for that county, as well as one of only a handful of Regional records this winter so far (but there's been no incentive to report them until now).
 
The coldish conditions last night caused about half of the lake at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, to freeze over, leaving enough open water to host a large number of waterfowl and other waterbirds.  I saw four female Common Goldeneyes on the lake this morning, along with 7 other species of ducks and geese; a Horned Grebe remains on the lake also.
 
I've heard from only a few folks who intend to take part in the POOLED DATA EFFORT that is a Regional wrinkle on the Great Backyard Bird Count, now less than three weeks away.  Thanks to those who have offered to take part, including Winston Walden in Putnam Co., TN; Doug Downs in White Co., TN; and Joseph Mast in Cumberland Co., TN.  More participants are welcome in this effort to provide a snapshot of the winter birdlife in the Region.  See my website for details about participating in this event at the continental and Regional levels.  No very great effort need be expended to take part in this event.  You do need access to the internet, but the actual field time involved can be as little as 15 minutes at one site (which may be your own yard).
 
Good bird counting, Steve

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-3 (23 january)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Last week-end witnessed the first northward migration of Sandhill Cranes during January 2007, there having been a few instances of northward migration reported during December 2006, a circumstance of considerable interest.  Last Saturday Kathy Harville in Smith Co., TN, was able to obtain some photos of a flock of 50 cranes that were headed north around noon that day.  Doug Downs had the largest flock of migrant cranes that same day, counting 360 in northward flight a little after noon somewhat east of Sparta, White Co., TN.  While walking the Lower Gorge Overnight Trail in Fall Creek Falls State Resort Park, Van Buren Co., TN, on Saturday, I was able to see 10 cranes through a rather dense canopy of evergreens and hear at least one more; strangely, this record of cranes in Van Buren County is the first one for that county of which I am aware, although there must have been many, many occurrences and a least a few observations of cranes at that site in the past, since Fall Creek Falls is a much used park and since it is practically right on the main crane migration corridor from Hiwassee Refuge in the southeast to Jasper-Pulaski Refuge, Indiana, well to the north.
 
Jacquie Wagner reported that the female Rufous Hummingbird that has been present at her home in northern Van Buren Co., TN, since last fall is still present and apparently intent on overwintering at that site.

Doug Downs reported two calling American Woodcocks at the Bridgestone/Firestone Centennial Wilderness in White Co., TN, last Saturday; these are the only ones reported since the last message went out.  Doug also found a good number of Northern Harriers at this site that same day; the six he reported was double the largest number reported on any of the Regional CBCs this past CBC season.  It would not seem to be an overly good winter for this raptor, or any other raptor really (perhaps indicating a below average year for small rodents around the Region?).

Susan Ford reported a leucistic (albinistic) Pileated Woodpecker near her suburban yard in Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN, recently; this same bird has been present over a year in the general vicinity of Susan's abode.  One wonders if Pileateds of this sort might possibly have been mistaken for Ivory-billed Woodpeckers in Arkansas and Florida in recent years; sure hope that is not the case.

 
Not a lot of other bird activity has been reported of late, so let me mention that, in response to my last message, Michael Hawkins reported Wood Frogs active on Flynn Creek Rd., Jackson Co., TN, during early January.  Also, I was able to spot at least one egg mass of this species in a road rut that is part of the Lower Gorge Overnight Trail in Fall Creek Falls SRP last Saturday.
 
The Great Backyard Bird Count is now a little over three weeks away.  For the past few years, GBBC efforts have been pooled in several Regional counties to provide a snapshot of the late winter birdlife in them.  Hope more counties can be made a part of the pooled data effort this year.  See my website for a discussion of how to participate in this fun and productive bird survey Jan. 17.
 
Good bird counting, Steve

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-2 (17 january)

Dear birdfolk,
 
My last message was inadvertently labeled as birdfolk message 2007-2 and should have been birdfolk message 2007-1, for those who might care about such matters, and sorry for any confusion it might have caused.
 
This first item is from outside the Region, but it might be of interest to some folks hereabouts.  There is a "Great White Heron" (the white morph of Great Blue Heron) on the Little River near Townsend these days; it has been around for a month or so and was seen during the time of the Cades Cove CBC.  If you want info about seeing it, let me know and I'll put you in touch with the person who found it (Warren Bielenberg).
 
In my last (mislabeled) message I discussed a Northern Saw-whet Owl heard by Roseanna and Julie Denton Jan. 3 at the Bear Creek area of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, McCreary Co., KY.  It turns out that there was an earlier observation of this small owl in the Region this winter.  John Froeschauer, interpretive naturalist with the Tennessee Parks Division, was visiting Pickett State Park in Pickett Co., TN, Dec. 19 when he heard a calling NSWO near the visitor center in the park (about 1800-1830 CST).  John's observation was the first ever in the Region of a calling NSWO that was completely unsolicited (i.e., no tape recording was used to induce this owl to call), so it was noteworthy from that standpoint, and it was probably the first record of this owl for that state park (though it was not the first Pickett County record).  I hope that some of the birdfolk around the Region can get out in some of the less birded counties at night and scare up a few more NSWOs this winter.  I would think that persistent tape playback in mixed forest on the Cumberland Plateau would be especially likely to produce another record or two.
 
Double-crested Cormorants are very uncommon during winter in the Upper Cumberland Region, so one at Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY, Jan. 11 by Roseanna Denton was definitely worth reporting.
 
Following the CBC season, during which a good number of American Woodcocks were found, there has been a falling off of sightings of this rotund, but amiable, shorebird.  Wally Brines heard one peenting at his place in White Co., TN, Jan. 11, but that is the only report since the end of the CBC period.  If you encounter any woodcocks this winter or next spring, please send along the standard info, and I will include your sighting in the woodcock section of the Winter 2006-2007 UCR Bird Report.
 
Following the unprecedented appearance of northbound Sandhill Cranes this past December, there have been no reports so far in January.  Wonder what those birds are planning next?  Surely something unpredictable and interesting.  Please keep me posted about any crane sightings, including how many, where, what time and date, and flight direction.
 
I've received copies of three years' worth of photos of the gray morph Eastern Screech-Owl of DeKalb County CBC fame; thanks to Carol Williams for these photos, which are posted at the end of the page of my website devoted to the screech-owl morph project.  Anyone who has time and great patience is welcome to scrutinize these photos and see if there is a way to determine if the same individual is involved.  If so, please let me hear from you.
 
Signs of spring were, of course, all over during the recent warm spell of early January.  Janie Finch on Jan. 15 and Wally Brines on Jan. 13 heard upland chorus frogs calling in Putnam and White counties, TN, respectively.  Peepers have been calling here and there also.  Anyone getting Wood Frogs yet?  They are surely due to be calling already.
 
Good bird--and other critter--counting, Steve

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2007-1 (8 january)

Dear birdfolk,
 
With great sadness I report the passing of the 107th CBC season, which met its demise Jan. 5 when the last CBC of the season was conducted in Warren County, TN, where 72 species were detected despite intermittent morning rain and daylong windy conditions. Some nice birds on this count included Loggerhead Shrike by Winston Walden and Mike O'Rourke, all three common owls by compiler Gregg Garrison despite the poor early A.M. weather, and a woodcock that peented but did not engage in the "skydance" (i.e., courtship flight) of the species.
 
The Somerset, KY, CBC was conducted Dec. 30 with 14 field observers and 11 feederwatchers in attendance.  Best bird of 78 species counted was a male Merlin--witnessed consuming a meal of the avian kind--by Tom and Lynda Mills, Granville Cox, and James Kiser--but some other nice birds included a shrike by Scott Marsh and collective totals of 21 Fox Sparrows, the second highest total of this handsome sparrow in the 17-year history of the Somerset count, and 192 White-crowned Sparrows, by far the largest total of this also handsome sparrow ever on the Somerset CBC or on any other CBC within the Region. The largest previous total of White-crowns in Regional CBC history was 98, counted Dec. 30, 1956, on the Glasgow CBC in Barren Co., KY, exactly a half century prior to the recent count in Somerset.
 
Some other notable birds of late are headed by a sighting of a Lapland Longspur at Mayland, Cumberland Co., TN, Jan. 6, where it was found in a small flock of Horned Larks by Joseph Mast and several others.  This sighting is the first for Cumberland County, so it would be good to have the details of the observation written down in standard documentation format.  Hope someone will pass that request along to Joseph, whose phone message about this exciting bird I received Saturday evening, and thanks to Bruce Gardner for reporting via email this sighting and other results of the birding trip made to Mayland Sat.
 
Of considerable interest was the report of a Northern Saw-whet Owl found at the Bear Creek area of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, McCreary Co., KY, Jan. 3.  Bear Creek has been the site of numerous reports of NSWOs over the past six winters or so.  Usually these "sightings" involve having a NSWO call back in response to a tape recording of its toot call, as was the case with this most recent report.  There are many counties of the Upper Cumberland Region that do not yet have a record for this diminutive owl, so if you are inclined to get out on a clear, calm, coolish (25-35 degrees F is about right) evening in the right kind of habitat (mixed forest), then you might make a little history this winter because the saw-whets are here again, at least in limited numbers.
 
An individual of the light morph of the eastern subspecies of Red-tailed Hawk (i.e., "Krider's" Red-tail) was found and photographed in DeKalb Co., TN, by Judy Fuson in late December.  This bird is almost certainly the same individual that was found and photographed by Judy on exactly the same power pole during the previous winter.  I have put a link to a photo of this year's bird in the Winter 2006-2007 UCR Bird Report, where there is also a link to the report that features a photo from last year.  Red-tails often display extreme winter philopatry (site fidelity), but it is only when a well-marked individual is present that we are afforded evidence of this behavior.  Thanks to Judy for paying close attention to her local Red-tails and for obtaining the photos of this bird this winter and last winter.
 
A feature of the CBC held in DeKalb Co., TN, Dec. 26 that I neglected to mention in my last message was the discovery of a gray morph Eastern Screech-Owl in the same cavity where a gray morph individual was found during each of the previous two CBCs in DeKalb County.  Carol Williams has obtained photos of the owl each year (last year's photo made it into the summary issue for CBCs issued by National Audubon); I suspect a really careful inspection of the photos might reveal features of the bird's plumage that would indicate its individuality; if it can be determined that the same individual is involved and if the bird continues to use this same roost site in the future (two big IFs), then we would have a situation where we can follow this bird over the years and see how long it lives. Longevity data for very few bird species have been determined for the UCR, so each opportunity to obtain this information should be used to the fullest.
 
For those who participate in the Cane Creek Park birdwalks, let me say that the first of these walks for "spring" 2007 will be held Jan. 31.  Birdwalks at CCP will continue through Apr. 25 (except for Mar. 7--spring break).  I'd like to focus attention on finding breeding evidence of birds during this spring's CCP birdwalks, in preparation for the Foray to White County (May 25-28, 2007).
 
Also in preparation for the 2007 Foray to White County, I plan to hold two or three Saturday field trips during March, April, and May that are focused on learning the skills needed to take part in a Foray.  I will hold these field trips in any county where there are two or more persons who are willing to learn these skills and then go to White County for the Foray, so let me know if you would like to take me up on this offer and then to be a part of this historic event, which will be the first Foray in TN where a repeat of an earlier Foray takes place (the first Foray to White County was held May 28-31, 1982). 
 
Don't forget the Great Backyard Bird Count, to take place Feb. 16-19, 2007; I especially encourage Regional birders to take part in this event as part of the "pooled data effort" within the Region; see the page of my website devoted to GBBCs for details.
 
I have about finished the initial draft of the second edition of The Birds of Putnam County, Tennessee; you may view this draft at this page of my website:
 
http://iweb.tntech.edu/sstedman/PutnamCountyBirdsDustJacketFront.htm
 
If you see items needing amendment in this draft or if you have suggestions for improving it, please send these along.
 
Good bird counting, Steve
 

Subject: birdfolk message 2006-47 (29 december)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Three more Christmas Bird Counts were conducted since the last of these messages appeared.  The 3rd White County CBC took place Dec. 21and corralled 83 species, matching the totals for the earlier Clay County and Cookeville CBCs (but not quite equaling the total of 85 species posted for the Wayne Co., KY, CBC just two days earlier); a summary of results of the White Count CBC has still not appeared, but as soon as it does, I will post the results at the page of my website devoted to summarizing results of CBCs conducted during the 2006-2007 CBC season.  Some of the more memorable birds of the White County CBC included 6 Bald Eagles (along the Caney Fork River), 3 Loggerhead Shrikes, a Red-breasted Nuthatch (rare this winter), and a Sedge Wren (in the Heritage Marsh).  Congrats go to Doug Downs for putting together another successful CBC.
 
The inaugural Crossville CBC was conducted Dec. 23 with 78 species being found on count day and 2 additional species being recorded during count week.  No especially rare species was detected on this count (2 Pine Siskins by Bruce Gardner and party being exceptions to this rule of thumb), but some quite interesting results were obtained about the frequency of many species on the plateau versus their frequency on the lower Highland Rim (where Cookeville, for instance, is located).  Some species (e.g., Turkey Vulture and Hermit Thrush) were notably less frequent in appearance on the plateau than on the rim, while others (e.g., Hairy Woodpecker and White-breasted Nuthatch) were seemingly more frequent in appearance on the plateau than on the rim, and still others (e.g., Downy Woodpecker) were seemingly about as frequent in appearance on the plateau as on the rim.  Since the Crossville CBC is the first of its kind to be conducted on the plateau in Tennessee, it offers the first real "window" into the differences in population densities that exist for many species between the plateau and surrounding lower-elevation areas.  Some of us who have sporadically birded Cumberland County--and other plateau counties in Tennessee--for decades suspected these differences existed; now we can begin to see them manifested in the CBC data.  Preliminary results of this intriguing CBC are presented at the page of my website devoted to summarizing the CBCs of the 2006-2007 CBC season; thanks to Ed LeGrand and Joseph Mast for getting all the requisite data together in what must be close to record time.
 
Despite the prediction for some really nasty weather Dec. 26, the 4th DeKalb County CBC was held that day by an intrepid group of birders, who came out despite predictions for snow and ice and counted 75 species of birds.  There has not been enough time to get a summary of data for this count together, but when this information is available, I'll post it at the same page as noted in each of the preceding paragraphs.  No great rarities were found on this count, but a highish total for Eurasion Collared-Dove (found only during count week last year) was made, indicating that this expanding exotic dove remains entrenched in the local community.  The gull "roost" (gulls just sit on the water all night long in a wide open area of the lake) at the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, turned up the usual Bonaparte's and Ring-billed gulls, but it also hosted an immature Herring Gull, the first of its kind to appear on the DeKalb County CBC; this gull roost usually forms about a half-hour to an hour before dark and usually numbers somewhere around 100-200 gulls. A gull roost at the Waitsboro Recreation Area on Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, usually contains about the same numbers, but a roost near Mason's Island, Barren River Reservoir, Barren/Allen counties, KY, often has 1000+ gulls throughout the winter.  Many thanks to Carol Williams for making the DeKalb County CBC a success despite some less than pleasant weather predictions and actualities.
 
With six Regional CBCs conducted and two (or three) more to go, the time is fast approaching when it will no longer be possible to get a CBC fix, so act soon if you feel you need another before the long CBC drought starts Jan. 6 and continues until next Dec. 14.  I have room in my car for others tomorrow (Somerset, KY) or for next Friday, Jan. 5, when the Warren County, TN, CBC will end the CBC season.
 
Besides CBCs, other, more "normal," birding activities continue here and there around the Region.  Roseanna and Steve Denton birded around Russell Co., KY, including Lake Cumberland State Resort Park, Dec. 26 and turned up a Pine Warbler in the park, a good indicator that a few of these hardy warblers spend the winter in the northern parts of the Region (and still farther north, to be sure).  I visited Cane Creek Park in Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN, Dec. 27 and found a female or immature Surf Scoter on the lake there; it provided the 10th county and 36th Regional record of this scoter; like so many others before it, this scoter remained just one day and disappeared.  While checking last winter's site for Short-eared Owl in Bledsoe Co., TN, yesterday (no owls present!), Winston Walden and I happened upon a Marsh Wren, the first for that county that I am aware of and one of half a dozen or so winter records for the Region.
 
As the CBC season winds down, don't forget to look ahead toward the birding future.  The Great Backyard Bird Count runs Feb. 16-19 this year.  The Spring Bird Counts will be held near the end of April or beginning of May.  And the first Foray ever to be repeated in a Regional county will take place in White Co., TN, May 25-28.  Hope you can take part in one or more of these activities, all of which help to broaden our understanding of the wonderful avifauna that surrounds us each and every day of our lives.
 
Good bird counting, Steve
 
A Natural Moment: on the Cumberland Trail, Brady Mountain, Cumberland Co., TN, c. 0900 CST, 23 December 2006.
 
I am walking the CT as part of my effort to count birds during the Crossville CBC, and I am wondering why I am seeing so many downed trees and treetops along the crest of this upthrusting ridge (which clocks in at about 2900 feet at its highest point).  A long (12 kilometers), mostly narrow "spine" of a mountain, Brady must have been the site of some pretty serious wind during the growing season of 2006 because every 200 meters or so I see the fallen remains of fairly large trees.  All of them have fallen in an east-west orientation, with the bases of the downed trees lying to the east and the tops, still festooned with the leaves they possessed when they fell--but the leaves now all dried and brown--pointing west.  Whatever wind it was that downed these dozens of trees came from the east with one big rush, probably surpassing 100 kph, and laid low all the weakest members of the forest (evolution in action).  Now these fallen trees add a feature to the winter woods that is not always present in such abundance here I suspect.  The dried leaves of each fallen tree form a kind of safe "harbor" from wind and predator for birds, for instance, that is probably not present in such profusion during most winters, so perhaps there are a few more birds present than would be the case in a year when the forest was not wind-wounded--though the birds here still appear to me to be mighty few and far between, at least in comparison to numbers of birds I would see at many lower-lying sites.
 
I ruminate on these matters as I reel off some of the 25,000 steps that I will take this day, and I pass close by one of the dried leaf "tents" that a fallen deciduous tree has created.  As I pass by, I stop briefly for some reason--perhaps a slight birdsound of some sort has set off the internal bird detector that I have working inside of me somewhere, or perhaps I decide that this particular dead treetop needs a better look; I can't really say why I stop; I just do.  Nothing presents itself, either in the dead leaves or anywhere else, so I move on, but I am immediately shaken out of my ruminative mood by an explosion that erupts from the dead leaves of this tree.  I stop, somewhat weak-kneed, and wonder if a suicide bomber has gotten disoriented and found his way to this dead treetop in a misguided effort to take out what he must deludedly think is a large number of infidels.  Then another explosion disrupts the quiet of the woods, and I catch sight of a medium-sized brown bundle of feathers winging its way low through the tree trunks.  Ah, explosive mystery solved; a Ruffed Grouse, two, in fact, bring order back to the jumbled place that had just become my mind, and all is well, for I have seen the very bird that has drawn me to this dead-tree-top dotted landscape to begin with.  As I pass down the CT, I listen for the next hint of birds ahead, but I feel suddenly more inclined to be content with whatever little the forest has to offer in the way of birds. Such are the mind-altering effects that a brief encounter with a grouse can cause, but I realize that behind my brief moment with the grouse were many months when that tree and its headdress of leaves lay curing in the summer, autumn and early winter woods, waiting for the December morning it would shelter two grouse, and behind those months was that enormous rush of wind that took down the tree, and behind that rush of wind was some inexplicable weather pattern that had its origin in places far away, perhaps even in the vast reaches of the Pacific during an El Nino or La Nina event, and behind that vast and years long weather event were the great weather pulsations of the planet over the eons.  Each of us each day lives through many moments that are the end-points of a series of events that go back well beyond the dimmest glimmerings of history into the planet's farthest past.

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2006-46 (20 december)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Two more Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs) were conducted recently.  Last Saturday the 45th Cookeville count took place on a day too fine for birding (mostly clear skies with mostly calm wind and afternoon temperatures in the high 60s to 70 degrees F); nonetheless, 83 species were detected within the count circle by members of 8-10 parties and several feederwatchers.  Best finds were a Marsh Wren by Wally and Sharon Brines and a Lincoln's Sparrow by Dan Combs and Kris Bolin; neither of these species had ever been recorded previously on a Cookeville CBC.  Other notable discoveries included 2 flyover Common Loons at Cane Creek Park (Barb Stedman), a Eurasian Collared-Dove near Double Springs (Barb Stedman and Terry Campbell), 3 Horned Larks on Boatman Rd. (Doug Downs), 2 Brown-headed Nuthatches (Winston Walden and Michael O'Rourke), and a Pine Warbler (Doug Downs).  All results are now posted at my website.
 
Yesterday the 5th Wayne County, KY, CBC, was undertaken with about 83 species being found within that count circle.  The bird of the count was an adult Ross's Goose found at Conley Bottom by Roseanna Denton.  This goose was the first for the Wayne County CBC, as well as the first for Wayne Co., KY, and just the 9th ever for the Upper Cumberland Region of Kentucky and Tennessee.  I've posted a photo of this handsome goose at several pages of my website in case you want something to contemplate while we wait for the next CBC to roll around--tomorrow in fact in White County. I am still looking for a partner for this count, so if you want an all-day birding venture in your immediate future, call me by 7:00 P.M. tonight (that's 1900 CST bird-time).  And don't forget the new Crossville CBC scheduled for this coming Sat., Dec. 23.
 
Sandhill Cranes continue to navigate their way through the Region to points south.  Yesterday Nancy and Jim Layzer counted about 390 cranes flying south between 1430 and 1630 CST in Jackson Co., TN, while Wally and Sharon Brines counted what were presumably some of the same birds and others totaling 550 between 1610 and 1650 CST in White Co., TN.  Too bad none of these could have come south a few days earlier to make it on the Cookeville CBC.
 
The adult female Rufous Hummingbird banded Dec. 11 in Van Buren Co., TN, was still present yesterday at the home of Bill and Jacquie Wagner; here's hoping this hummer will stay the winter before venturing back into the western parts of the continent.  The Selasphorus sp. that was present in DeKalb Co., TN, early in the month was last seen Dec. 11 when an attempt was made to band it; this hummer may have been scared off by the trap set out by the bander or it may simply have decided to move south that day; we'll never know for sure. Thanks once again to the Curtises for allowing the bander to attempt to band the bird; this was the right decision to make about it, but it is sad that the bird is now gone from our lives (though it may well be enriching some else's life somewhere; let's not be too selfish with these little jewels).
 
More records of courting American Woodcocks were detected during and just after the Cookeville CBC; these are posted in an appendix at the end of the Winter 2006-2007 UCR Bird Report  If you have any records of this very early breeding "shorebird" between now and next summer, please send along the details.
 
Records of Loggerhead Shrike are always appreciated anywhere they may be observed in the Region.  All too few individuals of this striking "songbird" remain in our area.  We owe it to future generations of birders in the Region to document the loss of this species as carefully as possible.  I wish that more had been done, for instance, to document the almost total loss of Bachman's Sparrow during the last 30 years in the Region (and throughout most of TN and KY), so let's not allow the rather spotty record of the Bachman's disappearance be repeated with the shrike.
 
And remember to send along reports of road-killed Eastern Screech-Owls as part of an effort to determine the percentage of rufous, gray, and brown morph EASOs in the Region.  The latest reports came from Pulaski Co., KY, where an owl of unknown morph was found by Roseanna Denton Nov. 5 and a rufous morph bird was found by Wendell Neeley Dec. 16; and Terry Campbell found a gray morph owl in Monroe Co., KY, Nov. 10. Many thanks to these and other observers who earlier have reported road-killed screech-owls in the Region.  We have a better handle on the morph percentages of this owl now than we did two years ago when this project got started.
 
Good bird counting, Steve

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2006-45 (10 december)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Hummingbirds continue to make news around the Region, so let me deal with these tiny mites first.  The unidentified hummer that was present in Jamestown, Fentress Co., TN, in late fall was last reported Dec. 3; perhaps its disappearance was weather-related, as the night of Dec. 3/4 was extremely cold on the plateau.  The Selasphorus sp. (probable Rufous) that showed up Dec. 1 in DeKalb Co., TN, was still present as of this morning; it should be banded soon and its specific identity determined.  Congrats to Tommy and Virginia Curtis for hosting this bird, the second winter hummer they have attracted to their feeders in the last three winters, and for seeing that its identification is accurately established.  Another Selasphorus sp. (possible Rufous or Allen's) has been located in the Region, this one in northern Van Buren Co., TN, where it has been hosted, apparently for some time, by Bill and Jacquie Wagner; Doug Downs and I visited the Wagners yesterday and obtained nice views of this hummer, which, alas, did not allow itself to be photographed.  The Wagners are willing for this hummer to be banded, so its identity can be ascertained in that manner.
 
Sandhill Cranes continue to migrate south through the Region with some quite large daily totals being turned in by several observers.  Nancy Layzer took top honors for high count in early December with a total of 874 cranes being tallied Dec. 8 in Jackson Co., TN, but Joseph Mast wasn't far behind with a count of 600 on Dec. 5 in Cumberland Co., TN.  If the Sandhill migration this year is anything like migrations of the past decade, we should continue to encounter small flocks through the end of this month and into early January, when the northward trek of Sandhills will probably commence (in mid-January there has also been a period of a week or so when both northbound and southbound cranes can be witnessed, sometimes on the same day in the same area).
 
Roseanna Denton found an immature Tundra Swan at Twin Lakes in Pulaski Co., KY, Dec. 7, the 12th Regional record and 4th for Pulaski Co.; half of the Regional records of this species have fallen in December, most of those in early December.  Of interest also was a Common Yellowthroat found by Roseanna and Gay Hodges at the Pumphrey Farm in Pulaski Co. Dec. 5, the latest ever that an individual of this species has been found in that county.
 
Shrikes continue to be reported sporadically; one was present on Bill Carter Rd., White Co., TN, Dec. 9 when found by Doug Downs and me; this is a site where shrikes have been reported at least once previously in recent years and is likely to be used as a breeding site by this declining species.  Like most sites that host shrikes in the Region, this one was an oldish agricultural area with fencerows that retained some young cedars, in which shrikes seem inordinately fond of nesting; some shrubby areas within the agricultural site were also present.  Please report any and all shrikes you encounter until the day you can no longer raise a pair of binoculars to your eyes; thanks.
 
I have not heard of any Brewer's Blackbirds around the Region this fall, so 7 or so, including a well-scoped, dark-eyed female, on Lizard Lane in White Co., TN, yesterday morning were nice to see when Doug Downs and I went by that now famous, almost infamous, site. Brewer's Blackbirds tend not to stay the winter much in the Upper Cumberland, so any records of that species are well worth reporting to some bird-archiving site.
 
A record of a non-bird, but perhaps noteworthy, sort occurred yesterday to Doug Downs and me.  While we were heading for the Wagner's hummingbird site in Van Buren Co., Doug spotted a bobcat sitting out on a rock ledge along Rt. 111 in southern White Co.  This usually reclusive felid gave us a brief but nice view when we turned around to get a closer look. One wishes there were some place where records of such fine mammals could be archived in the way that we are able to archive bird records on eBird or butterfly records at the website of the North American Butterfly Association.
 
All is now set for the first CBC of the season this coming Thursday in Clay Co., TN.  Hope you are able to participate in at least one of these bird-surveying extravaganzas this season.  With at least eight being conducted in the Upper Cumberland, there is no dearth of opportunity for the CBC-interested or -addicted.
 
Good bird counting, Steve
 
Review: Erik Reece's Lost Mountain: A Year in the Vanishing Wilderness: Radical Strip Mining and the Devastation of Appalachia. Riverhead Books, New York, 2006, 250 pp.; ISBN = 1-59448-908-4.
 
"There's coal in them there hills!"
 
As the foreword by Wendell Berry reminds us in this important book, we are often less aware of the source of the energy that keeps us warm on winter nights than we should be.  About 50% of all home-heating energy in America comes from coal-fired steam plants (like the Kingston steam plant in Roane Co., TN); most of the coal used in those plants comes from surface-mined, not deep-mined, coal; and most of the surface-mined coal in the Appalachian Region results from mountaintop removal, a mining process which has what the author of this books understatedly calls a "devastating" effect on the area being mined.
 
Erik Reece has had the courage to write a book that few others have dared to write, because there is apparently a certain danger in angering the membership of the coal-mining industry.  Reece focuses his attention on mountaintop removal in Kentucky, but this mining process occurs in quite a few other states, including Tennessee.  If you imagine a mountain as being sort of like a layer cake, one of the layers of the cake-mountain (usually about 2-10 feet thick) contains coal.  Prior to a couple of decades ago, coal extractors were content to mine around the contour of the coal seam to get at some of the coal, but new, large equipment makes it possible to simply remove all the layers of the cake-mountain above the coal layer and then extract ALL the coal from the seam that has been laid bare.  This leads to a lot of fairly cheap coal to send to coal-fired steam plants, but it also has some negative results, as Reece relates.
 
One of the consequences of mountaintop removal is the permanent local destruction of a forest type known as the mixed mesophytic forest, characterized by great diversity of tree species (none being dominant) and attendant wildlife. Five million acres of Appalachian forest have thus far been destroyed by various surface mining processes, and along with those acres has gone the habitat for many species of wildlife including the Cerulean Warbler, a bird that Reece identifies as the "new canary" to warn us about the dangers in the "new coal mine" (i.e., the places that are subjected to surface mining). Besides the wholesale removal of an entire forest ecosystem, mountaintop removal also causes destruction of the headwaters of many rivers, because all the material that is removed from the top of a mountain to get at the coal has to go somewhere, and where it goes is always an adjacent valley or "hollow."  Filling a valley with millions of tons of rock and debris seems not to affect the valley streams and wildlife in a good way, mainly because they're permanently buried, but also because the fill allows various pollutants to leach into the local streams and aquifers, rendering them dangerous to use as drinking water.  Another negative associated with mountaintop removal is the need to remove the mountain top with many strategically placed high explosive charges (composed of ANFO--ammonium nitrate and fuel oil--the same stuff used to "mountaintopically" "remove" the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City); these charges do a great job of loosening up the mountaintop so it can be removed, but they also tend to cause a lot of damage to home foundations in the general area where the charges are set off.  Still another negative result of the mountaintop removal process is the need to transport all the coal that is mined to places where it can be cleaned and sent on to power plants; the coal trucks that transport the coal to cleaning sites are huge and often do damage to the local roadways where they travel; in addition to the trucks' causing road damage everywhere they travel with up to 200,000 pounds of coal, the rate of fatal car accidents on roads where coal trucks operate almost always skyrockets.  Once the coal has been transported to a cleaning area, it is washed and the clean coal shipped to power plants, but the residue from the cleaning process, a kind of grimy sludge, is placed in specially prepared sumps for long-term storage; unhappily the walls of some of these sumps have broken and huge sludgeslides have escaped downhill to make their way into communities that mostly would rather not be inundated by hundreds of thousands of gallons of this sludgy stuff.
 
If you have seen Erin Brockovitch, you can stop reading right here, because the remainder of Reece's book details the incredibly insensitive manner in which the coal industry operates with regard to ethics and basic human decency when large amounts of money and mountaintop removed get themselves together.  Every corrupt behavior that can be imagined has been put in practice by the coal industry to maximize its profits from mountaintop removal, and Reece reveals the whole corrupt process from start to finish and is not afraid to name names, with Kentucky's own Senator Mitch McConnell and his wife being the two most prominently mentioned of those who profit unethically from mountaintop removal (so as not to place an onus on Kentucky and Kentuckians, let me say that there are certainly similar unethical persons in all states where surface-mining of coal takes place).
 
For five years in the mid-1990s I traveled through the mountains of eastern Kentucky annually to conduct Breeding Bird Surveys.  I was always amazed at the huge amount of forest habitat and fine array of breeding birds that this area harbored, but I was also always a little worried about all the mountains being flattened for their coal.  Erik Reece has made me realize my worry was well-placed and that a better way to extract coal without destroying Cerulean Warbler habitat (and habitat for many other equally deserving species) must be found, given all the negatives cited above and given the huge impact on global warming that the conversion of coal to heating energy creates.
 
Get a copy of this book and read it when you also have a little brandy handy. And don't forget its message when you go to turn up the heat this winter.

 

Subject: birdfolk message 2006-44 (4 december)

Dear birdfolk,
 
Early December has seen a lot of activity from the critters of the feathered kind, so hold onto your metaphorical hat as I run down this nice list of species.  Foremost among the sightings of late was a first-year Franklin's Gull found by Roseanna Denton at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Pulaski Co., KY, Dec. 2.  This gull was just the second of its kind to appear in Pulaski County and just the fifth for the Region.  Roseanna obtained a nice photo of this bird; the photo is now accessible via the page for the Winter 2006-2007 UCR Bird Report.
 
Another nice find lately appeared on the first day of the winter period (for bird-reporting purposes), Dec. 1, when an immature male hummingbird of the genus Selasphorus showed up at the feeders of Tommy and Virginia Curtis on Hurricane Ridge Rd., DeKalb Co., TN.  Photos of the bird strongly suggest it is a Rufous Hummingbird, but prudence dictates that the i.d. be delayed until a bander can measure this bird and determine its species with that information. Besides the DeKalb hummer, the nectar-sucker that was present in Jamestown, Fentress Co., TN, through the end of the fall season was still present at least until Dec. 2, when I had a good look at it.  I would say from my view that the Jamestown hummer is a very late Ruby-throat, but, again, it would be best to wait until a bander has had a chance to handle and to measure this bird before pinning down the i.d.
 
The Whooping Crane training flight that stopped in Cumberland Co., TN, Nov. 22 was grounded there until Dec. 2, when it departed the Region for Hiwassee Refuge.  The 10-day stay in Cumberland Co. was one of the longest in the history of these flights through the Region.  So far no reports of adult Whoopers have made their way my way, but there is little doubt that a few of these birds penetrated Regional airspace at least for a short time on their way south, and some of them may well remain north of us at this time.
 
Sandhill Cranes continue to be reported, in mainly small numbers, but I suspect that there are still a good many of these birds north of the Region, so keep alert for them throughout December.
 
While birding in Wayne Co., KY, last Saturday, Dec. 2, Roseanna Denton found a Loggerhead Shrike on Frazer Rd., the first of what I hope will be a long list of sightings of this embattled bird in the Region (and continent) this winter.  Please report all shrike sightings anywhere in the Region this season, and on a permanent basis.
 
This morning a Great Egret was noted by Barb Stedman at City Lake, Putnam Co., TN, the second latest bird of this species to be reported in Putnam Co. ever.  Here's hoping it will linger until the CBC in Putnam Co. (Dec. 16) and become the first Great Egret on a Putnam County (or Regional) CBC.
 
Hope your December is a good one, and hope to hear from you about any birds you encounter that might be of interest to the Regional birdfolk.  Hope you can take part in one or more of the Regional CBCs, the first of which is now just 10 days away (Clay County, TN--Dec. 14).
 
Good bird counting, Steve

Note of the semi-frivolous kind: The 18 juvenile Whooping Cranes that stayed in Cumberland Co., TN, from November 22 to December 2 shared their presence with Regional birders in a modest way not often considered.  During their stay, these cranes inhaled and exhaled collectively a very large number of times and with each exhale they released into the atmosphere several trillion atoms of respiratory gases that were at least briefly a part of a Whooping Crane.  Intermixing of these exhaled gases with the local atmosphere would have led to a saturation of the local area with atoms that had been in contact with Whooping Crane lungs, such that anyone breathing in Cumberland County during the end of the period of the cranes' layover would be almost certain to have inhaled at least a few of these atoms and thus would have shared Whooping Craneness.  How far this would hold true as one moves outward from Cumberland County is hard to say, but there is at least a little chance that all of us in the Region got a dose of  Whooping Crane, whether we knew it or not.