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Appalachian Center for Crafts - Clay
Studio
Vince Pitelka, 2008
Mixer-Load Amounts for Claybodies
This handout provides recipe amounts for full, 1/2,
and 1/3 loads for the Soldner mixer. The water amount is approximate, and you
will most likely need to add more water as you add the final dry ingredients. Do
so specifically according to the mixing instructions. When mixing with recycle,
place six inches of slurry in the mixer, add 50% of the water specified for a
half load, plus all the dry materials for a half load. Make sure you are
thoroughly familiar with the Soldner mixer instructions.
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Mackenzie Stoneware - C8-10
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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Fire Clay
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80 lbs.
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40 lbs.
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26.5 lbs.
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Goldart
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80 lbs.
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40 lbs.
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26.5 lbs.
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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40 lbs.
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20 lbs.
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13.5 lbs.
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Fine Silica Sand
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40 lbs.
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20 lbs.
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13.5 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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20 lbs.
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10 lbs.
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6.5 lbs.
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Total Dry Materials
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260 lbs.
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130 lbs.
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86.5 lbs.
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Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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320 lbs.
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160 lbs.
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106.5 lbs.
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A sandy stoneware body for thrown and handbuilt
functional ware, devised by Mingei-sota potter Warren Mackenzie. Sand content
gives good wet stability/structure, making it well-suited for large pots.
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Studio Stoneware - C8-10
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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Goldart
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130 lbs.
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65 lbs.
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43 lbs.
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Fireclay
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78 lbs.
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39 lbs.
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26 lbs.
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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31 lbs.
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15.5 lbs.
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10.5 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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21 lbs.
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10.5 lbs
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7 lbs.
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Total Dry Materials
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260 lbs.
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130 lbs.
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86.5
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Water
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64 lbs. = 7 gal.
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32 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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21 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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324 lbs.
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162 lbs.
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107.5 lbs.
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Fine-grain, grit-free stoneware throwing body.
Especially nice in wood/salt/soda. Because it contains no sand or grog it is a
little more prone to problems during drying and firing, and it is imperative
that thrown bottoms be well compacted.
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Brown Studio Stoneware - C8-10
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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Goldart
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120 lbs.
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60 lbs.
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40 lbs.
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Fire Clay
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74 lbs.
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37 lbs.
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24.5 lbs.
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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28 lbs.
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14 lbs.
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9.5 lbs.
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Redart
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20 lbs.
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10 lbs.
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6.5 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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18 lbs.
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9 lbs.
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6 lbs.
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Total Dry Materials
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260 lbs.
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130 lbs.
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86.5 lbs.
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Water
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64 lbs. = 7 gal.
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32 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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21 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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324 lbs.
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162 lbs.
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107.5 lbs.
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Similar to regular studio stoneware above, but
contains some Redart earthenware clay, introducing iron brown. Excellent body
for high-fire oxidation or reduction, but will fire very dark in wood or salt.
Ideal body for those wishing to do work inspired by Chinese unglazed brown
stoneware Y’Xing teapots.
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White Stoneware - C8-10
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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Goldart
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47 lbs.
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23.5 lbs.
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15.5 lbs.
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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47 lbs.
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23.5 lbs.
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15.5 lbs.
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Tile-6 Kaolin
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36 lbs.
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18 lbs.
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12.5 lbs.
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EPK Kaolin
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35 lbs.
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17.5 lbs.
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11.5 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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35 lbs.
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17.5 lbs.
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11.5 lbs.
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Flint
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35 lbs.
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17.5 lbs.
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11.5 lbs.
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Epsom Salts **
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0.8 lbs = 363 g.
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0.4 lbs. = 182 g.
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0.27 lbs. = 121 g.
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Fine Silica Sand
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25 lbs.
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12.5 lbs.
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8.5 lbs.
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Total Dry Materials
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260.8 lbs.
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130.4 lbs.
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86.77 lbs.
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Water
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60 lbs. - 7 gal.
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30 lbs. - 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. - 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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320.8 lbs.
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160.9 lbs.
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106.77 lbs.
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White stoneware throwing body for functional ware,
containing a significant amount of stoneware clay (Goldart) for increased
plasticity and less firing shrinkage as compared to porcelain. Sand content can
be increased for a sculpture body, or eliminated for a smooth throwing body. **
Dissolve Epsom salts thoroughly in a half gallon of hot water, and include in
the above weights of water for the batch.
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Raku/Sculpture - C018-12
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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Goldart
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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Fire Clay
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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Fine Grog
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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Total Dry Materials
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260 lbs.
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130 lbs.
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86 lbs.
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Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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320 lbs.
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160 lbs.
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106 lbs.
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Versatile sculpture claybody with wide firing range.
High thermal shock resistance at low-fire for raku and bonfire. Does not fully
vitrify until at least cone 12, so makes a good midrange or high-fire sculpture
body at cone 6-10. Good resistance to warpage at high fire, and therefore a good
body for large pots in salt and woodfire.
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Tennessee Nichols Body - C/8-11
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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EPKaolin
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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Tile-6 Kaolin
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42 lbs.
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21 lbs.
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14 lbs.
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Goldart
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36 lbs.
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18 lbs.
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12 lbs.
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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36 lbs.
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18 lbs.
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12 lbs.
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Hawthorn Bond Fireclay
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21 lbs.
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10.5 lbs.
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7 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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21 lbs.
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10.5 lbs.
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7 lbs.
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F-4 Feldspar
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13 lbs.
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6.5 lbs.
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4.2 lbs.
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Epsom Salts**
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0.8 lbs = 363 g.
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0.4 lbs. = 182 g.
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0.27 lbs. = 121 g.
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Fine White Silica Sand
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13 lbs.
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6.5 lbs.
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4.2 lbs.
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Molochite
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13 lbs.
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6.5 lbs.
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4.2 lbs.
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Total Dry Materials
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260 lbs.
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130 lbs.
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86 lbs.
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Water
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63 lbs. = 7 gal.
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31.5 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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21 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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323 lbs.
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161.5 lbs.
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107 lbs.
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A fairly fine-grain, smooth-throwing porcelaineous
stoneware body adapted from Gail Nichols’s soda-firing body. Especially good for
wood, salt, and soda firing.
** Dissolve Epsom salts thoroughly in a half gallon of
hot water, and include in the above weights of water for the batch.
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Basic Porcelain - C8-10
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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EPKaolin
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35 lbs.
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17.5 lbs.
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11.5 lbs.
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Tile-6 Kaolin
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30 lbs.
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20 lbs.
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10 lbs.
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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Flint
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65 lbs.
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32.5 lbs.
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21.5 lbs.
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Veegum-T **
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5.2 lbs.
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2.6 lbs.
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1.75 lbs.
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Epsom Salts **
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0.8 lbs. = 262 g.
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0.4 lbs. = 182 g.
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0.27 lbs. = 121 g.
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Total
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266 lbs.
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133 lbs.
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88.2 lbs.
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Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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326 lbs.
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163 lbs.
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108.2 lbs.
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True porcelain for throwing/handbuilding, flashes
orange in soda/wood. White in ox., eggshell in reduc.
After weighing or measuring water, take out a half
gallon of the water in a small bucket, add the Veegum-T, blend thoroughly with a
drill-mixer, and pour into mixer along with the rest of the water.
** Dissolve Epsom salts thoroughly in
a half gallon of hot water, and include in the above weights of water for the
batch.
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Clennell Porc. Stnwr. – C8-11
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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EPK Kaolin
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52 lbs.
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26 lbs.
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17.3 lbs.
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Tennessee Ball Clay
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52 lbs.
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26 lbs.
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17.3 lbs.
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Hawthorn Bond Fireclay
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52 lbs.
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26 lbs.
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17.3 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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52 lbs.
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26 lbs.
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17.3 lbs.
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Flint
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52 lbs.
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26 lbs.
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17.3 lbs.
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Epsom Salts **
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01.3 lbs. = 597 grams
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0.65 lbs. = 298 grams
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0.43 lbs. =197 grams
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Total
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261.3 lbs.
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130.65
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87.1 lbs.
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Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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321.3 lbs.
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160.65 lbs
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107.1 lbs.
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This porcelaineous stoneware is used by Canadian
potters Tony and Sheila Clennell. It is a variation of the basic porcelain, with
the addition of the fireclay. Tony says it works great for throwing large forms,
and flashes nicely in the wood kiln. ** Dissolve Epsom salts thoroughly in a
half gallon of hot water, and include in the above weights of water for the
batch.
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Fina Porcelain - C8-10
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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Tile-6 Kaolin
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143 lbs.
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71.5 lbs.
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47.5 lbs.
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Pyrax-HS Pyrophylite
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39 lbs.
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19.5 lbs.
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13 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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52 lbs.
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26 lbs.
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17.5 lbs.
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Flint (325-M)
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31 lbs.
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15.5 lbs.
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10.5 lbs.
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Veegum-T **
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5.2 lbs.
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2.6 lbs.
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1.75 lbs.
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Epsom Salts **
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0.8 lbs. = 363 g.
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0.4 lbs. = 182 g.
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0.27 lbs. = 121 g.
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Total
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270.2 lbs.
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135.1 lbs.
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90.52 lbs.
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Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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330.2 lbs.
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165.1 lbs.
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110.52 lbs.
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A variation of Angela Fina’s hybrid porcelain throwing
body for high-fire reduction. White in ox. or reduc. For flashing in wood, salt,
and soda, replace Tile-6 with 113 Grolleg and 30 Tennessee ball clay.
** Mix Epsom salts with a half gallon of hot water and
include in the above weights of water for the batch. Blend the Veegum-T into 1/2
gallon of the weighed water with a drill mixer before adding to the mixer tub.
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V-Whiteware - C04-6
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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77 lbs.
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38.5 lbs.
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25.5 lbs.
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EPK Kaolin
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50 lbs.
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25 lbs.
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16.5 lbs.
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Tile-6 Kaolin
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50 lbs.
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25 lbs.
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16.5 lbs.
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Flint
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31 lbs.
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15.5 lbs.
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10 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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26 lbs.
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13 lbs.
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8.5 lbs.
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F-4 Feldspar
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26 lbs.
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13 lbs.
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8.5 lbs.
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Veegum-T **
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5.2 lbs.
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2.6 lbs.
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1.75 lbs.
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Epsom Salts **
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0.8 lbs. = 363 g.
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0.4 lbs. = 182 g.
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0.27 lbs. = 121 g.
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Total
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266 lbs.
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133 lbs.
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88.5 lbs.
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Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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326 lbs.
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163 lbs.
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108.5 lbs.
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V-Whiteware is a midrange porcelaineous stoneware body
that is very plastic and joins easily. White at low-fire, warm off-white at
midrange. The version without sand is appropriate for colored clay work, while
the one with sand is not. Both are good for midrange throwing and handbuilding,
and both are good for low-fire sculpture. The addition of sand gives more
working structure for both throwing and handbuilding, and makes an even better
low-fire sculpture body. Neither is appropriate for low-fire functional wares.
Both versions flash nicely in moderate soda firing and in wood firing. ** Mix
Epsom salts with a half gallon of hot water and include in the above weights of
water for the batch. After weighing or measuring water, take out a half gallon
of the water in a small bucket, add the Veegum-T, blend thoroughly with a
drill-mixer, and pour into mixer along with the rest of the water.
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V-Whiteware w/Sand - C04-6
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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OM-4 Ball Clay
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71 lbs.
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35.5 lbs.
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23.5 lbs
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EPKaolin
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46 lbs.
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23 lbs.
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15.5 lbs.
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Tile-6 Kaolin
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46 lbs.
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23 lbs.
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15.5 lbs.
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Flint
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29 lbs.
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14.5 lbs.
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9.5 lbs.
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G-200 Feldspar
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24 lbs.
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12 lbs.
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8 lbs.
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F-4 Feldspar
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24 lbs.
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12 lbs.
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8 lbs
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Fine white silica sand
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20 lbs.
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10 lbs.
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6.5 lbs.
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Veegum-T **
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5.2 lbs.
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2.6 lbs.
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1.75 lbs.
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Epsom Salts **
|
0.8 lbs. = 363 g.
|
0.4 lbs. = 182 g.
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0.27 lbs. = 121 g.
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Total
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266 lbs.
|
133 lbs.
|
88.5 lbs.
|
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Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
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20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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326 lbs.
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163 lbs.
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108.5 lbs.
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See description and notes above. Same claybody with
addition of sand for superior working structure.
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Stephenson Terracotta - C04-2
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Full Load
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Half Load
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Third Load
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Redart
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110 lbs.
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55 lbs.
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36.5 lbs.
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Goldart
|
56 lbs.
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28 lbs.
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19 lbs.
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Fire Clay
|
56 lbs.
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28 lbs.
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19 lbs.
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Talc
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19 lbs.
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9.5 lbs.
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6 lbs.
|
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Fine Grog
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19 lbs.
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9.5 lbs.
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6 lbs.
|
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Total
|
260 lbs.
|
130 lbs.
|
86.5 lbs.
|
|
Water
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60 lbs. = 7 gal.
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30 lbs. = 3.5 gal.
|
20 lbs. = 2.3 gal.
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Total Wet Clay
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320 lbs.
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160 lbs.
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106.5 lbs.
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John Stephenson’s terracotta body for sculpture, has
superior wet structure because of the fireclay and grog. Those materials also
make it quite refractory for a terracotta, and it can fire to cone 2 with no
bloating or distortion. Recipe suggests fine grog, but you can choose the sand
or grog depending on desired working texture and fired surface. With extra fine
grog or fine silica sand it is a good throwing body, but if used for functional
ware it should be fired to cone 1 or 2 for durability and impermeability.
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